Which metals should hobbyists avoid melting?
Galvanized, coated, lead-based and unknown metals can give off harmful fumes. Melt only clean, known stock.
Never melt galvanized steel, anything coated or painted, or metal of unknown origin. Avoid lead-based alloys and anything that might contain cadmium or beryllium.
Why
Heating these metals can release fumes that cause serious illness. Some act quickly, like the flu-like illness from zinc fumes. Others build up harm over time. The risk is in the fumes and dust, not just the molten metal.
Metals to keep out of the crucible
- Galvanized steel and zinc-coated parts
- Old solder and lead pewter; use lead-free pewter
- Painted, plated or plastic-coated scrap
- Unknown alloys, especially old electrical or aerospace parts
Safer habits
- Melt outdoors or with strong extraction
- Keep moisture away from molten metal; wet tools and moulds can cause violent spatter
- Use clean, known stock
- Read the safety data sheet for anything you buy
This is general safety information, not medical advice. If you feel unwell after working with hot metal, seek medical help. More in workshop safety.